Chinese Music Atlas

Chinese Music Atlas · Knowledge Map

How Chinese Music Is Organized

Explore musical traditions, performance genres, instruments, and the ideas that connect them - then follow any of them into the knowledge base.

A Kunqu opera performance
Hugh Llewelyn from Keynsham, UK · CC BY-SA 2.0
01

Musical Genres

Ways of making music

Chinese music is often grouped by how it is made - sung, danced, narrated, staged, or played. These six entries are the groupings this site uses to get you oriented.

A traditional songs and dances gathering of the Miao ethnic group in Guangxi, China
Overview

Folk Songs

民间歌曲

Work songs, mountain songs, short popular songs

A dancer performing Chinese dance
Overview

Music for Dance

歌舞音乐

Yangge and other folk song-and-dance traditions

Two performers of Suzhou pingtan, a Chinese narrative singing tradition
Overview

Narrative & Ballad Arts

说唱音乐

Suzhou pingtan, Jingyun dagu

A Kunqu opera performance
Overview

Chinese Opera Music

戏曲音乐

Kunqu, Peking opera, clapper operas

A Chinese instrumental ensemble performing
Overview

Instrumental Music

民族器乐

Solo, duet and ensemble playing

综
Overview

Ensemble & Integrated Traditions

综合性乐种

Forms that combine singing, playing and staging

This grouping is the framework this site uses to help you get oriented. It is not the only way Chinese music is classified, and different sources divide it differently.Genre photographs are illustrative: they show a related practice, not evidence for any statement about the genre. Detailed genre pages do not exist yet.

02

Instrument Families

By how they are played
A dizi, a Chinese transverse bamboo flute, with its vibrating membrane

Wind Instruments吹管乐器

Examples: Dizi, xiao, sheng and suona

No entries published in this family yet.

An erhu, a two-stringed Chinese bowed fiddle, photographed for a museum catalogue

Bowed String Instruments拉弦乐器

Examples: Erhu, jinghu, banhu, morin khuur

A guqin, a seven-stringed Chinese zither, photographed for a museum catalogue

Plucked String Instruments弹拨乐器

Examples: Guqin, guzheng, pipa, ruan

A bronze Chinese bell (zhong) from the Warring States period

Percussion Instruments打击乐器

Examples: Drums, gongs and bianzhong

No entries published in this family yet.

03

The Eight Sounds · 八音

A historical classification

Older Chinese writing groups instruments by the material they are made from - metal, stone, silk, bamboo, gourd, clay, hide and wood. It is a different question from "how is it played", and the two systems do not line up neatly.

That is the interesting part: the same instrument can be described in more than one way depending on which tradition of classification you are using.

金Metal
Bells, and later gongs and cymbals
石Stone
Chime stones
丝Silk
Stringed instruments, from silk strings
竹Bamboo
Flutes and pipes
匏Gourd
Reed instruments with a gourd wind chest
土Clay
Vessel flutes such as the xun
革Hide
Drums
木Wood
Slit drums and percussion blocks

The eight-sounds system is not a parent category above the four families above, and the modern grouping is not simply a later form of it. They answer different questions.

04

Explore by Question

Other ways in
05

Published Knowledge

9 entries · 1 article

Looking for a specific section? Instruments, Musical Ideas, Music & Culture, Listening Guides.